A DC established a replication naming context. Part of normal AD replication.
DCSync and replication attacks may generate these. Monitor for non-DC sources establishing replication contexts.
Alert: non-DC computer accounts appearing as replication sources. Normal: DC computer accounts (ending in $).
SubjectUserNameTargetUserNameLogonTypeIpAddressWorkstationName Starting points — adapt the log source, projected fields and thresholds for your environment.
SecurityEvent
| where EventID == 4928 // An Active Directory replica source naming context was established
| project TimeGenerated, Computer, SubjectUserName, TargetUserName, LogonType, IpAddress, WorkstationName
| sort by TimeGenerated desc
index=* sourcetype="WinEventLog:Security" EventCode=4928
| stats count earliest(_time) as first_seen latest(_time) as last_seen by ComputerName
| sort - count `# An Active Directory replica source naming context was established — add EventData fields: SubjectUserName, TargetUserName, LogonType, IpAddress`
An Active Directory replica source naming context was established. A DC established a replication naming context. Part of normal AD replication.
Event 4928 is written to the Security channel by Microsoft-Windows-Security-Auditing. Advanced Audit Policy — enable the 'DS Access' subcategory (Success and/or Failure).
Alert: non-DC computer accounts appearing as replication sources. Normal: DC computer accounts (ending in $).